They turned out in their hundreds
despite the snow: grizzled old men in overcoats and thick
anoraks. Nearly all of them were in their late eighties and
many hobbled on walking sticks. Watched by more than 1,000
blue-uniformed riot police, they brandished red-and-white
Latvian national flags and barked out patriotic wartime "warrior songs" that echoed ominously through the narrow streets of Riga's old town.
The march, by some 350 surviving former members of Latvia's
Nazi Waffen SS division and more than 2,000 of their supporters,
looked like an act of collective octogenarian defiance.
In many ways, it was.
Only hours earlier, Efraim Zuroff
of the Simon Wiesenthal Centre, the man currently considered
to be the world's leading Nazi hunter, had called on Latvia
to ban public celebrations marking the country's controversial
Legionnaires' Day, calling it an "attempt to rewrite history". He was backed by Jewish groups, Holocaust memorial organisations and by Nils
Usakovs, Riga's ethnic Russian Mayor, who insisted: "It is a bit difficult to claim to be a hero if you were fighting for the Nazis." But at the last minute, Riga's district court overturned the ban after judges
agreed that a city which last year permitted a controversial
gay pride parade could not in all fairness prohibit a march
by former Waffen SS men.
Controversy has always surrounded
Latvia's so-called Legionnaires' Day. It marks the anniversary
of a 1943 battle in which two Latvian divisions of some 30,000
Waffen SS troops inflicted defeat on the Soviet Red Army.
This year, however, the occasion has put the spotlight on
David Cameron's Conservative Party, which is politically
in bed with the event's backers. The Tory leader's decision
to remove his party from the centre-right bloc in the European
Parliament has realigned the Conservatives with questionable
right-wing groups such as Latvia's Fatherland and Freedom
party, which helped to organise yesterday's parade.
After an emotional church service
held in Riga's 14th-century cathedral, more than 2,000 Nazi
veterans and their supporters were allowed to march freely
through the snowbound streets of the city. Flanked by hundreds
of Latvian flags, they placed flowers and Waffen SS memorabilia
at the foot of the city's 1930s-built freedom and fatherland
monument, which was erected to celebrate Latvia's post-First
World War independence.
A large gang of young ethnic Russians
represented the other side. They brandished placards bearing
the words "Waffen SS" and the names of Latvian villages where atrocities against Jews were committed
by Latvian Waffen SS members during the war. Some 75,000
Jews were murdered in the country during the Nazi occupation. "It is disgraceful that these people should be allowed to march here," said one of them, called Mikhail, in his early thirties. "All the Russians are against it," he insisted.
Riga's inhabitants, who number close
to a million, are equally divided between Russians and Latvians.
Yet the Russian anti-Waffen SS protesters were in the minority
during yesterday's celebrations. In Riga, a capital city
that was part of the Soviet Union until 1990, anti-Soviet
resentment remains high. "These Waffen SS veterans were fighting for the liberation of Latvia," said one respectable-looking man in his fifties. "They have a right to their celebration."
That view is echoed by 86-year-old
Visvaldis Lacis, one of 140,000 Latvians who fought on the
German side during the Second World War. Mr Lacis was drafted
into the Waffen SS in 1943 and insists he was fighting for
an independent Latvia. He points out that Latvians were prohibited
from joining the regular German army and were only permitted
to serve in Waffen SS "legions".
"The Germans and Russians
invaded Latvia for centuries and incorporated us into our
empires," he said. "We chose the lesser of two evils because during the German occupation, the Germans
killed or deported 18,000 Latvians, whereas the Russians
killed or deported 300,000. Were we not right to make such
a choice?" he asked.
Many Latvian SS veterans insist that
they were not party to atrocities. However, Jewish groups
point out that Latvian police were recruited by the Germans
and took part in the Holocaust. They were responsible for
the mass execution of Jews after the Nazi invasion in 1941.
These men later willingly joined the Waffen SS. Historians
point out that they were involved in a war against so-called "partisans" which almost certainly involved mass shootings.
"With all my sympathy for
the victims of Communism, the crimes of Communism are simply
not the same as the Holocaust. Part of this is fuelled by
a desire to deflect attention away from the extensive collaboration
with the Nazis during the Second World War," Mr Zuroff said. "They thought they were fighting for Latvia but the real beneficiary of these
men's service and bravery was Nazi Germany."
The LNNK: Cameron's awkward ally
When David Cameron promised to pull
the Conservative Party out of the centre-right coalition
that sits in the European Parliament, he may not have expected
to find himself in a new grouping with the Fatherland and
Freedom party. The Latvian group's celebration of SS veterans
is nothing new, but its potential to cause political headaches
for Mr Cameron can only increase in an election year.
One of the oldest parties in Latvia,
the LNNK, as it is also known, has been represented in parliament
since 1993. Its most prominent figure is Juris Dobelis, a
Latvian nationalist who commemorates the country's Waffen-SS
men every year. To Mr Dobelis, this marks his country's proud
resistance against the Russian army; to many foreign critics,
it looks like apologism. Foreign Secretary David Miliband
has called the Conservatives' connection with the Fatherland
and Freedom party "sickening". In reply to that remark, Mr Dobelis last year insisted Mr Miliband was "wrong". "He does not know the history of Latvia," he said.
Efraim Zuroff, the Simon Wiesenthal
Centre's chief Nazi hunter, also criticises the LNNK, saying
the party's support for the commemorations is an effort to "whitewash the villains, dishonour the victims, and rob the heroes of their well-deserved
pride". LNNK leader Roberts Zile rejects that charge, insisting that his group does
nothing to celebrate Nazism. To say otherwise, he wrote, "is simply absurd".
independent.co.uk
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