Hundreds of journalists
were in the courtroom in Munich for the opening this month of the
trial of 89-year-old John Demjanjuk, the retired U.S. auto worker
who is charged as an accessory to the murder of 27,900 Jews for his
alleged activities as a guard at the Sobibor concentration camp in
Nazi-occupied Poland during World War II. Millions of others watched
on TV or on their computers as Demjanjuk was wheeled into the courtroom
on a hospital gurney.
I am watching, too, but I cannot claim to be a neutral observer
in this case. As someone who has spent practically his entire professional
life seeking to help bring Nazi war criminals to justice, I felt
that I had a vested interest in the outcome of the proceedings. Three
decades of experience had taught me that a conviction in a trial
likely to get maximum media coverage like this one, is a boon for
additional prosecutions while a failure to convict would have a negative
impact on bringing Nazis to justice far beyond the Munich courtroom.
Yet to be perfectly honest, even I found myself initially wondering
whether those pressing to bring Demjanjuk to justice, might not ultimately
regret that Germany had extradited him. The sight of him on a hospital
bed almost completely covered by a blanket and paying absolutely
no attention to the proceedings, while trying to appear as ill as
possible, were enough to induce what I often refer to as "Misplaced
Sympathy Syndrome," in practically anyone.
A more sober appraisal of the scene, however, brought me back to
the reasons I still believe that even more than six decades after
the Holocaust, such prosecutions remain extremely significant and
essential and why I have devoted my life to this endeavor. The arguments
are not only judicial, but moral and educational as well.
The first point is that the passage of time in no way diminishes
the guilt of murderers. If a person committed murder in 1942 or 1943
and has hereto eluded justice, he or she is just as guilty today
as on the day of the crime. Had the culprit been prosecuted many
years ago, such a trial would not have aroused any skepticism.
The second point is that advanced age should not afford protection
for killers. The practical implication of a chronological limit on
prosecution is that if a person is lucky enough, smart enough, and/or
rich enough to escape justice until they reach the age limit, they
will never be held accountable for their crimes. Such a situation
would obviously be a travesty of justice, which is why no country
has ever limited prosecution solely based on age.
The third point is the obligation that society owes the victims
of the Nazis and their collaborators. At a minimum, a serious effort
should be made to identify and take legal action against the individuals
who turned innocent men, women, and children into victims simply
because they were unfairly branded "enemies of the Reich." That
is an obligation we owe to every single Holocaust victim.
In that context, I want to add two additional arguments which are
pertinent, especially in cases of individuals who were not officers.
For the approximately 29,000 Dutch Jews murdered in Sobibor during
the period that Demjanjuk served in the camp (March-September 1943),
his rank was not the issue. He actively participated in their murder
and without people like him, who volunteered for service in the SS
and carried out the duties they were assigned, the Nazis could never
have murdered as many Jews as they did. "Superior orders" has
never, with one exception subsequently overturned, been accepted
as a legitimate defense in such cases. International law has always
insisted that each individual bear responsibility for his or her
crimes regardless of rank.
In my thirty years of trying to help bring Nazi criminals to justice,
I have never encountered a single case in which a Holocaust perpetrator
ever expressed any remorse or regret. Given the plethora of information
about Nazi crimes available at least during the past two decades,
one might imagine that some of those we are trying to bring to justice
might be having second thoughts about crimes they committed in their
youth, but that has never been the case.
So when I see someone like Demjanjuk trying his best to appear as
medically unfit as possible to elude prosecution, I think back to
the Sobibor death camp. It was there -- when he was at the peak of
his physical strength -- that he devoted all his energies to the
mass murder of innocent Jews for whom he had no sympathy whatsoever.
And then the validity and necessity of justice become as clear and
strong as ever.
By Steven E. Levingston | December 22, 2009; 5:30 AM ET Politics
, Steven Levingston
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CommentsPlease email us to report offensive comments.
I don't disagree with any of your points. My concern is that, after
all this time, eyewitness identification might not be accurate. Demjanjuk
is not the only one getting old. Is there one piece of concrete evidence
that links John Demjanjuk, retired auto worker, with the Sobibor
guard? I ask this in all ignorance, frankly -- I remember Demjanjuk's
extradition hearings in the 80s, and as I recall, the only evidence
was eyewitness testimonial.
Posted by: bravegirl01 | December 22, 2009 10:11 AM
Demjanjuk is a victim too. Both sides agree that Demjanjuk was a
Soviet POW in German hands. Soviet POW's had an appalling death rate.
Some of the earliest victims of Nazi gas chambers were Soviet POW's.
The rest starved or were worked to death. It would seem if Demjanjuk
if he is indeed "Ivan the Terrible" he joined the camp
system as a means of survival. What makes him any different than
a former member of the Judenrat or a Ghetto policeman?
It is also inaccurate to refer to Demjanjuk as a "Nazi".
As a slav he was a subhuman and the Nazis at no-time would considered
Demjanjuk an Aryan eligible for membership in the Nazi party.
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